The Most Common OpenSSL Commands

Below, I have listed the most common OpenSSL commands and their usage:

These commands allow you to generate CSRs, Certificates, Private Keys, and do other miscellaneous tasks.

Generate a new private key and Certificate Signing Request

Generate a self-signed certificate

Generate a certificate signing request (CSR) for an existing private key

Generate a certificate signing request based on an existing certificate

Remove a passphrase from a private key

If you need to check the information within a Certificate, CSR or Private Key, use these commands

Check a Certificate Signing Request (CSR)

Check a private key

Check a certificate

Check a PKCS#12 file (.pfx or .p12)

If you are receiving an error that the private doesn’t match the certificate or that a certificate that you installed to a site is not trusted, try one of these commands

Check an MD5 hash of the public key to ensure that it matches with what is in a CSR or private key

Check an SSL connection. All the certificates (including Intermediates) should be displayed

These commands allow you to convert certificates and keys to different formats to make them compatible with specific types of servers or software. For example, you can convert a normal PEM file that would work with Apache to a PFX (PKCS#12) file and use it with Tomcat or IIS.

Convert a DER file (.crt .cer .der) to PEM

Convert a PEM file to DER

Convert a PKCS#12 file (.pfx .p12) containing a private key and certificates to PEM

Convert a PEM certificate file and a private key to PKCS#12 (.pfx .p12)

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